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Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.

⚙️ Key Functions of an Operating System​

  • Process Management: Handles creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.
  • Memory Management: Manages allocation and deallocation of memory space.
  • File System Management: Organizes, stores, retrieves, and manages data on storage devices.
  • Device Management: Controls and coordinates input/output devices.
  • Security and Access Control: Protects data and system resources from unauthorized access.
  • User Interface: Provides ways for users to interact with the system (CLI, GUI).

🏷️ Types of Operating Systems​

  • Batch Operating Systems: Execute batches of jobs with minimal user interaction.
  • Time-Sharing Operating Systems: Allow multiple users to use the system interactively at the same time.
  • Distributed Operating Systems: Manage a group of independent computers and make them appear as a single computer.
  • Embedded Operating Systems: Designed for embedded devices (e.g., IoT, appliances).
  • Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): Provide immediate processing for time-critical tasks.
  • Mobile Operating Systems: Designed for mobile devices (e.g., Android, iOS).

💻 Popular Operating Systems​

  • Windows (Microsoft)
  • macOS (Apple)
  • Linux (Various distributions: Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, etc.)
  • Android (Google)
  • iOS (Apple)
  • FreeBSD (Open source)

📚 Useful Resources​

📝 Notes​

  • The choice of operating system can affect software compatibility, security, and performance.
  • Open source operating systems like Linux offer flexibility and customization.
  • Understanding OS concepts is fundamental for software development and IT careers.